Sumatran tiger

The Sumatran tiger, scientifically known as *Panthera tigris sondaica*, is a critically endangered population native to the Indonesian island of Sumatra. Since 2008, it has been classified as critically endangered due to its declining numbers, estimated to be between 441 and 679 individuals. Alarmingly, no single subpopulation exceeds 50 tigers. These tigers are unique because they are the sole surviving tiger population in the Sunda Islands and possess distinct genetic traits that differentiate them from their mainland counterparts.

The classification of the Sumatran tiger has historical origins. Scientists such as Coenraad Jacob Temminck and Reginald Innes Pocock were among the first to propose scientific names for tiger specimens from Java and Sumatra. Genetic research indicates that Sumatran tigers have been isolated from other tiger populations for approximately 12,000 to 6,000 years. This isolation, caused by rising sea levels, resulted in their distinctive genetic characteristics.

Sumatran tigers are smaller than other tiger subspecies. They exhibit darker fur, broader stripes, and a higher frequency of these stripes. They prefer lowland and hill forests throughout Sumatra, with the largest population residing in Kerinci Seblat National Park. As of 2017, the total population of Sumatran tigers was estimated to be around 618 individuals.

These majestic creatures face numerous threats. Habitat loss due to palm oil and acacia plantations, a decrease in prey species, and illegal trade are the primary dangers. To counteract these threats, various conservation efforts are underway. These include the Sumatran Tiger Project, captive breeding programs, and law enforcement activities aimed at protecting tigers and their habitats. Additionally, initiatives such as promoting "tiger-friendly" products and establishing wildlife sanctuaries are crucial in helping to increase tiger populations.

In captivity, Sumatran tigers are bred in zoos worldwide, which helps raise awareness about their plight and maintain genetic diversity. The Indonesian government has also established sanctuaries to protect these endangered animals. Despite these efforts, the Sumatran tiger remains critically endangered. Continued and enhanced conservation measures are vital to ensuring their survival in the wild.