Oreochromis aureus

The blue tilapia, known as blue kurper in South Africa, is a species of fish native to Northern and Western Africa and the Middle East. Over time, it has been introduced to various parts of the world, including the United States, where it has become an invasive species, causing substantial environmental challenges.

Blue tilapia are mouthbrooders, meaning they carry their young in their mouths for protection. They primarily feed on plants but also consume small aquatic animals such as zooplankton. These fish are remarkably adaptable and can thrive in diverse water conditions, including freshwater, brackish water, and even highly saline environments.

In the United States, blue tilapia have spread to states such as Florida and Texas, where they have disrupted local fish populations and ecosystems. They were initially introduced for food production and to control aquatic vegetation, but were often mistaken for a different species, Oreochromis niloticus.

Especially in Florida, blue tilapia have become the most widespread non-native species, posing significant challenges for conservation efforts and ecosystem management. Their presence poses a serious threat to native fish and the overall health of local waterways.