Parachromis managuensis

The Jaguar Cichlid, scientifically known as Parachromis managuensis, is an impressive and sizeable fish species endemic to Central America, specifically ranging from Honduras to Costa Rica. Its name is derived from Lake Managua in Nicaragua, where the original specimen was discovered. In addition to being a food source, this fish enjoys popularity in the aquarium hobby and is known by several names, including the managuense cichlid, Aztec cichlid, and jaguar guapote. Males can grow up to 35 centimeters (approximately 14 inches), while females typically reach around 30 centimeters (approximately 12 inches).

Jaguar cichlids are carnivorous predators, preying on small fish and macroinvertebrates. They thrive in turbid, nutrient-rich lakes with warm, low-oxygen water. Their natural habitats often include mud-bottomed lakes or sandy ponds filled with plant debris. Optimal water conditions for these fish consist of a pH range of 7.0–8.7, water hardness of 10–15 dGH, and temperatures between 25 and 36 °C (77 and 97 °F).

In aquariums, jaguar cichlids are prized for their striking appearance and robust nature. However, they are aggressive and territorial, necessitating ample space and minimal decorations in their tank. For successful breeding, maintaining the appropriate water parameters is crucial. A breeding pair will exhibit heightened aggression towards other fish during courtship, egg-laying, and offspring care.

Feeding these predatory fish a varied diet is essential. They enjoy insects, worms, crustaceans, and fish. To keep them healthy, maintain water chemistry with a pH of 7.0–7.8 and a temperature between 25 and 27 °C (77 and 81 °F). You can distinguish males from females by their size and coloration—males are generally larger and display more vibrant colors.