Red-crested cardinal

The red-crested cardinal is an intriguing songbird from the tanager family, although its name might misleadingly suggest a connection to the cardinal family—this is not the case. The bird's genus name, *Paroaria*, derives from Brazil's indigenous Tupí language and translates to "small red, yellow, and gray bird." The species name, *coronata*, is Latin for "crowned" aptly describing its striking appearance.

The red-crested cardinal is native to northern Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. It also inhabits the southern Pantanal region. Interestingly, this bird has also established populations in Hawaii and Puerto Rico and can occasionally be found in other regions of Brazil beyond its traditional range. It thrives in subtropical or tropical dry shrublands and previously forested areas that have been degraded, typically at elevations up to 500 meters. It is commonly found near rivers, marshes, and lakes.

The red-crested cardinal is medium-sized, notable for its vibrant red head, bib, and a short crest that stands erect when the bird is excited. Its belly, breast, and undertail are white, while its back, wings, and tail are gray. Juvenile birds have a dull brownish-orange head and bib. Though it bears a resemblance to the red-cowled cardinal and the yellow-billed cardinal, it has distinct differences.

In terms of diet, the red-crested cardinal is quite adaptable. It feeds on seeds, fruits, insects, and small arthropods, typically foraging on the ground either in pairs or small groups. On average, these birds have a lifespan of about 3.8 years.