African spurred tortoise

The African spurred tortoise, also known as the sulcata tortoise, is a captivating species indigenous to the southern edges of the Sahara Desert in Africa. As the third-largest tortoise globally and the largest found on the mainland, it stands out remarkably. It is also the sole surviving species in the Centrochelys genus. The term "sulcata" derives from the Latin word "sulcus" meaning "furrow" referencing the grooves on its scales.

These tortoises inhabit the Sahara Desert and the Sahel region, encompassing countries such as Burkina Faso, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Mali, Somalia, Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal, and Sudan. To endure the harsh desert conditions, they dig burrows to access moisture and remain cool during the hottest parts of the day. Some of these burrows can reach depths of 15 meters and lengths of 30 meters. Plants often thrive around these burrows, providing an immediate food source.

African spurred tortoises can weigh up to 105 kg (231 lb) and have a lifespan exceeding 70 years. They are herbivores, primarily consuming grasses, plants, and cactus pads. Breeding occurs after the rainy season, with males competing for the opportunity to mate. Females dig several nests before selecting the optimal spot to lay their eggs. Each clutch can contain 15-30 eggs, which incubate for approximately 90 to 120 days at temperatures between 86-88 °F (30-31 °C).