Banwolseong, Gyeongju

Banwolseong, also known as the Half Moon Fortress, is an ancient historical site nestled in the heart of Gyeongju, South Korea. This archaeological treasure was once the royal palace compound of the Silla Dynasty, which reigned from 57 BC to 935 AD. The remains of Banwolseong occupy a central position in understanding the cultural and political landscape of ancient Korea.

The fortress, dating back to the 7th century, was a strategic and administrative hub, reflecting the power and influence of the Silla kings. Its name, meaning "Half Moon," is derived from the crescent shape of the fortress's walls, which were designed to follow the natural contours of the terrain. Today, visitors to Banwolseong can walk among the ruins and experience the echoes of a bygone era.

Banwolseong's remnants include foundations of palace buildings, fortification walls, and ponds, which provide a glimpse into the architectural styles and urban planning of ancient Korea. The site is particularly famous for Cheomseongdae, an astronomical observatory that is considered the oldest surviving observatory in East Asia. This stone structure, with its unique bottle-like shape, stands as a testament to the advanced scientific knowledge of the Silla people.

The site has been the focus of extensive archaeological research, revealing artifacts and structures that have shed light on the daily life, culture, and rituals of the Silla Dynasty. Banwolseong is part of the Gyeongju Historic Areas, which are designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, emphasizing its global significance and the need for its preservation.