Kuhl's creek frog

The Kuhl's creek frog, also known as the large-headed frog, is a remarkable member of the Dicroglossidae family. For many years, scientists believed this species had a vast range spanning Northeast India and Southeast Asia. However, a genetic study in 2010 radically changed that perception. The study revealed that what was previously considered Leptolalax kuhlii actually comprises at least 16 different evolutionary lineages.

Consequently, several populations that were once grouped as L. kuhlii have now been recognized as distinct species. For example, in China, scientists have identified L. fujianensis and L. bannaensis. Vietnam harbors unique species such as L. nguyenorum and L. quangninhensis. In Thailand, new species like L. jarujini, L. taylori, L. isanensis, and L. megastomias have been discovered. Indonesia is home to L. sisikdagu.

Interestingly, the original L. kuhlii specimen was found in Java, which remains the only confirmed location for the "true" Kuhl's creek frog.

In 2015, McLeod and colleagues provided a detailed phylogeny of the species within the L. kuhlii complex. Their research highlighted the extraordinary diversity within what was once assumed to be a single species. This study underscores the crucial importance of genetic research in unveiling the true diversity and evolutionary history of species.