Rosh Hashanah

Rosh Hashanah, meaning "head of the year" in Hebrew, is the Jewish New Year and marks the beginning of the civil year in Judaism. This two-day celebration occurs on the first day of Tishrei, the seventh month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year. It is a significant time for many reasons, including being traditionally considered the anniversary of the creation of Adam and Eve, marking the commencement of humanity's role in God's world.

During Rosh Hashanah, several customs are observed. One of the most notable is the sounding of the shofar, a ram's horn, which acts as a wake-up call for self-reflection and repentance. People attend synagogue services, recite special prayers focused on teshuva (repentance), and enjoy festive meals. Symbolic foods, such as apples dipped in honey, are eaten to wish for a sweet new year.

Interestingly, the term "Rosh Hashanah" does not appear in the Torah, and the name of the holiday has evolved over time. It is also known as the "Day of Judgment" when three books of account are believed to be opened to record the fate of individuals. The themes of sovereignty, remembrance, and the shofar blasts are central to the prayers and customs during this time.

Leading up to Rosh Hashanah, the shofar is blown throughout the month of Elul, penitential prayers are recited, and a ritual called Tashlikh is performed to symbolically cast off sins. People greet each other with phrases such as "Shanah Tovah" (good year) and enjoy traditional foods with symbolic meanings.

The holiday's duration and timing have varied over the years. Orthodox and Conservative Jews typically observe Rosh Hashanah for two days, while Reform Jews may celebrate only the first day. Karaite Jews usually observe just one day. The date of Rosh Hashanah fluctuates according to the Hebrew calendar, falling between early September and early October in the Gregorian calendar.