Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran, Rome

The Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran, standing majestically in the heart of Rome, Italy, is not only the oldest church in the Western world but also holds the unique title of being the Cathedral of Rome and the ecumenical mother church of Roman Catholic faithful. It is the official ecclesiastical seat of the Bishop of Rome, who is none other than the Pope himself.

Constructed in the 4th century under Emperor Constantine, the basilica has been rebuilt several times due to damage by fires and earthquakes, with the current structure primarily reflecting a 17th-century renovation. Its full name, the Papal Archbasilica of Saint John in Lateran, reveals its dedication to both John the Baptist and John the Evangelist.

The grand façade of the Archbasilica, designed by Alessandro Galilei, welcomes visitors with its imposing columns and statues of Christ and the saints. Inside, the opulent nave is lined with colossal statues of the twelve apostles, and the richly decorated interior showcases a blend of baroque and medieval elements. The church also houses the Sancta Sanctorum, the first private papal chapel, and a revered staircase believed to have been brought from Pontius Pilate's palace in Jerusalem.

The Lateran complex includes a large obelisk, the tallest in Rome, and the Scala Sancta, or Holy Stairs, which are said to have been climbed by Jesus in Jerusalem and are now encased in protective wood for preservation. Pilgrims ascend these stairs on their knees, reflecting upon Christ's passion.

As a church with primacy in the Catholic hierarchy, the Archbasilica is the site of the Holy Door, which is only opened during Jubilee years, symbolizing the gateway to salvation. The church's interior is also adorned with stunning frescoes, mosaics, and a 14th-century Gothic baldachin over the main altar.